Journal
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
Volume 183, Issue 2, Pages 480-485Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.10.014
Keywords
carcinoma, renal cell; C-reactive protein; neoplasm metastasis; biological markers
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Funding
- Bard Urology and Terumo Cardiothoracic
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Purpose: C-reactive protein is an inflammatory biomarker associated with tumor burden and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. Recent studies suggest that preoperative C-reactive protein predicts metastasis and mortality after nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma. However, these studies dichotomized C-reactive protein (typically 10 mg/l or greater vs less than 10 mg/l). Considering the continuous range of C-reactive protein (less than 1 mg/l to greater than 100 mg/l) we assessed the ability of absolute preoperative C-reactive protein to predict metastases and mortality as a continuous variable. Materials and Methods: Patients with clinically localized (T1-T3N0M0) clear cell renal cell carcinoma were followed for 1 year postoperatively. Metastases were identified radiologically and mortality was determined by death certificate. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses examined 1-year relapse-free survival and overall relative survival across patient and disease characteristics. Results: Of the 130 patients in this study metastases developed in 24.6% and 10.8% of the patients died. Mean (SD) preoperative C-reactive protein for patients in whom metastases did and did not develop was 89.17 (74.17) and 9.16 (30.62) mg/l, respectively. Mean preoperative C-reactive protein for patients who did and did not die was 102.61 (77.32) and 19.52 (46.10) mg/l, respectively. On multivariate analysis SSIGN score (p < 0.001) and preoperative C-reactive protein (B 0.027, SE 0.003, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of relapse-free survival, and preoperative platelets (p = 0.009) and preoperative C-reactive protein (B 0.011, SE 0.008, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of overall relative survival. Conclusions: Absolute preoperative C-reactive protein is a robust predictor of metastasis and mortality after nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma. Clinicians should consider absolute preoperative C-reactive protein to identify high risk patients for closer surveillance or additional therapy. In addition, predictive algorithms and models of metastasis should consider incorporating C-reactive protein as a continuous variable to maximize predictive ability.
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