Journal
JOURNAL OF TURBULENCE
Volume 10, Issue 19, Pages 1-14Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14685240903032725
Keywords
large-eddy simulation; turbulence-generated sound; kinematic simulation
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Funding
- Chinese Academy of Sciences under the Innovative Project Multiscale modeling and simulation in complex systems [KJCX-SW-L08]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2007CB814800]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [10325211, 10628206, 10732090]
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In the hybrid approach of large-eddy simulation (LES) and Lighthill's acoustic analogy for turbulence-generated sound, the turbulence source fields are obtained using an LES and the turbulence-generated sound at far fields is calculated from Lighthill's acoustic analogy. As only the velocity fields at resolved scales are available from the LES, the Lighthill stress tensor, serving as a source term in Lighthill's acoustic equation, has to be evaluated from the resolved velocity fields. As a result, the contribution from the unresolved velocity fields is missing in the conventional LES. The sound of missing scales is shown to be important and hence needs to be modeled. The present study proposes a kinematic subgrid-scale (SGS) model which recasts the unresolved velocity fields into Lighthill's stress tensors. A kinematic simulation is used to construct the unresolved velocity fields with the imposed temporal statistics, which is consistent with the random sweeping hypothesis. The kinematic SGS model is used to calculate sound power spectra from isotropic turbulence and yields an improved result: the missing portion of the sound power spectra is approximately recovered in the LES.
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