Journal
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
Volume 6, Issue 11, Pages 1900-1907Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03132.x
Keywords
adhesive protein; human megakaryocytes; membrane receptors; myosin IIA; proplatelet formation
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Funding
- Italian Telethon Foundation [GGP06177]
- Cariplo Foundation and from the Banca del Monte di Lombardia Foundation
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Background: Megakaryocytes release platelets from the tips of cytoplasmic extensions, called proplatelets. In humans, the regulation of this process is still poorly characterized. Objective: To analyse the regulation of proplatelet formation by megakaryocyte adhesion to extracellular adhesive proteins through different membrane receptors. Methods: Human megakaryocytes were obtained by differentiation of cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells, and proplatelet formation was evaluated by phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy. Results: We found that human megakaryocytes extended proplatelets in a time-dependent manner. Adhesion to fibrinogen, fibronectin or von Willebrand factor (VWF) anticipated the development of proplatelets, but dramatically limited both amplitude and duration of the process. Type I, but not type III or type IV, collagen totally suppressed proplatelet extension, and this effect was overcome by the myosin IIA antagonist blebbistatin. Integrin alpha IIb beta 3 was essential for megakaryocyte spreading on fibrinogen or VWF, but was not required for proplatelet formation. In contrast, proplatelet formation was prevented by blockade of GPIb-IX-V, or upon cleavage of GPIb alpha by the metalloproteinase mocarhagin. Membrane-associated VWF was detected exclusively on proplatelet-forming megakaryocytes, but not on round mature cells that do not extend proplatelets. Conclusions: Our findings show that proplatelet formation in human megakaryocytes undergoes a complex spatio-temporal regulation orchestrated by adhesive proteins, GPIb-IX-V and myosin IIA.
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