Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
Volume 103, Issue 12, Pages 2381-2400Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2015.2491647
Keywords
All electric ship; cold ironing; cruise vessel; earth fault currents; electric safety; high-voltage shore connection (HVSC); naval vessel; port earthing systems; ship-shore bonding; touch voltage
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This contribution starts with a review of the state of the art of existing high-voltage shore connection (HVSC) systems in terms of principles, rules, publications, technologies, and relevant installations. Then, tutorial sections present the main technical aspects of HVSC systems as ship-to-shore interface, shore equipment (transformers, converters, etc.), onboard devices (cubicles, shore switchboard, etc.), operating sequences, and feasibility aspects, for both commercial and military applications. Finally, some technical challenges are presented, concerning intentional/unintentional bonding, interactions between HVSC bonding and cathodic protection systems, bonding opportunity, and electrical safety aspects related to bonding issues in case of large earth fault currents in port facilities.
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