Journal
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS
Volume 63, Issue 2, Pages 195-210Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12037
Keywords
Generalization; Propensity score stratification; Non-probability samples
Categories
Funding
- US National Science Foundation [08515295, 1118978]
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Research On Learning [1118978] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Division Of Research On Learning
- Direct For Education and Human Resources [0815295] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The paper addresses means of generalizing from an experiment based on a non-probability sample to a population of interest and to subpopulations of interest, where information is available about relevant covariates in the whole population. Using stratification based on propensity score matching with an external populationwide data set, an estimator of the population average treatment effect is constructed. An example is presented in which the applicability of a major education intervention in a non-probability sample of schools in Texas, USA, is assessed for the state as a whole and for its constituent counties. The implications of the results are discussed for two important situations: how to use this methodology to establish where future experiments should be conducted to improve this generalization and how to construct a priori a strategy for experimentation which will maximize both the initial inferential power and the final inferential basis for a series of experiments.
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