Journal
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
Volume 11, Issue 93, Pages -Publisher
ROYAL SOC
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0942
Keywords
reflectin; cephalopod; camouflage; photonics; chromatophores
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Funding
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency CINAPSE [W911NF-10-1-0113]
- Harvard University Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center
- National Science Foundation [PHY-0646094, DMR-0213805]
- Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center
- AFOSR [FA9550-09-0346]
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Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, possess neurally controlled, pigmented chromatophore organs that allow rapid changes in skin patterning and coloration in response to visual cues. This process of adaptive coloration is enabled by the 500% change in chromatophore surface area during actuation. We report two adaptations that help to explain how colour intensity is maintained in a fully expanded chromatophore when the pigment granules are distributed maximally: ( i) pigment layers as thin as three granules that maintain optical effectiveness and ( ii) the presence of high-refractive-index proteins-reflectin and crystallin-in granules. The latter discovery, combined with our finding that isolated chromatophore pigment granules fluoresce between 650 and 720 nm, refutes the prevailing hypothesis that cephalopod chromatophores are exclusively pigmentary organs composed solely of ommochromes. Perturbations to granular architecture alter optical properties, illustrating a role for nanostructure in the agile, optical responses of chromatophores. Our results suggest that cephalopod chromatophore pigment granules are more complex than homogeneous clusters of chromogenic pigments. They are luminescent protein nanostructures that facilitate the rapid and sophisticated changes exhibited in dermal pigmentation.
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