Journal
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
Volume 106, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt439
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council [7461]
- Health and Medical Care Executive Board of the Vastra Gotaland Region
- Swedish Society of Medicine
- Swedish Cancer Foundation
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Bengt Ihre Foundation
- Research and Development Council in Sodra Alvsborg
- Lindgren's Stiftelse
- Mr and Mrs Backlund Foundation for Cancer Research
- Syskonen Persson Foundation
- 1012 anno 1964 Foundation
- IngaBritt and Arne Lundberg Foundation
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (LUA-ALF)
- Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren's Foundation
- Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg's Stiftelser
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research-the Mucus-Bacteria-Colitis Center (MBC) of the Innate Immunity Program
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Background Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are increasingly frequent radiological incidentalomas, with a considerable proportion representing precursors of pancreatic cancer. Better diagnostic tools are required for patients to benefit from this development. Methods To evaluate whether cyst fluid mucin expression could predict malignant potential and/or transformation in PCLs, a proteomic method was devised and prospectively evaluated in consecutive patients referred to our tertiary center for endoscopic ultrasound-guided aspiration of cystic lesions from May 2007 through November 2008 (discovery cohort) and from December 2008 through October 2012 (validation cohort). Cytology and cyst fluid carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; premalignancy > 192 ng/mL, malignancy > 1000 ng/mL) were routinely analyzed, and samples were further processed as follows: one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, excision of high-mass areas, tryptic digestion and nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with peptide identification by Mascot software and an in-house mucin database. All diagnostic evaluations were blinded to proteomics results. Histology was required to confirm the presence/absence of malignant transformation. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Proteomic mucin profiling proved statistically significantly more accurate (97.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 90.3% to 99.6%) than cytology (71.4%; 95% CI = 59.8% to 80.9%; P < .001) and cyst fluid CEA (78.0%; 95% CI = 65.0% to 87.3%; P < .001) in identifying the 37 (out of 79; 46.8%) lesions with malignant potential (ie, premalignant or malignant tumors). The accuracy of proteomics was nearly identical (96.6% vs 98.0%) between the discovery (n = 29) and validation (n = 50) cohorts. Furthermore, mucin profiling predicted malignant transformation, present in 16 out of 29 (discovery cohort: 9, validation cohort: 20) lesions with available histology, with 89.7% accuracy (95% CI = 71.5% to 97.3%) (for the validation cohort only: 95.0%; 95% CI = 73.1% to 99.7%). This markedly exceeded corresponding results for cytology (51.7%; 95% CI = 32.9% to 70.1%; P = .003) and CEA (57.1%; 95% CI = 34.4% to 77.4%; P = .02). Conclusions Proteomic cyst fluid mucin profiling robustly discriminates benign, premalignant, and malignant PCLs. Consequently, it may improve pancreatic cancer prevention and reduce the morbidity burden of unwarranted pancreatic surgery.
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