Journal
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
Volume 59, Issue 6, Pages 1231-1250Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2011.03.001
Keywords
Shape memory polymer; Programming; Cold-compression; Thermoviscoelasticity; Structural relaxation
Funding
- NSF [CMMI 0946740, CMMI 0900064]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [0900064] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Programming is a key process for thermally activated stress or strain recovery of shape memory polymers (SMPs). Typically, programming requires an initial heating above the glass transition temperature (T-g), subsequent cooling below T-g and removal of the applied load, in order to fix a temporary shape. This work adopted a new approach to program thermoset SMPs directly at temperatures well below T-g, which effectively simplified the shape fixing process. 1-D compression programming below T-g and free shape recovery of a thermoset SMP were experimentally investigated. Functional stability of the shape fixity under various environmental attacks was also experimentally evaluated. A mechanism-based thermoviscoelastic-thermoviscoplastic constitutive model incorporating structural and stress relaxation was then developed to predict the nonlinear shape memory behavior of the SMP trained below T-g. Comparison between the prediction and the experiment showed good agreement. The structure dependence of the thermomechanical behavior of the SMP was further discussed through a parametric study per the validated constitutive model. This study validates that programming by cold-compression is a viable alternative for thermally responsive thermoset SMPs. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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