Journal
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
Volume 23, Issue -, Pages 44-52Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.04.004
Keywords
Ligament; Pre-strain; In situ strain; Spine; Material properties; Finite element modeling
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-0852758]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Civil, Mechanical, & Manufact Inn [0952758] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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The present work represents the first reported bi-axial spinal ligament pre-strain data for the thoracic and lumbar spine. Ligament pre-strain (in-situ strain) is known to significantly alter joint biomechanics. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive data with regards to spinal ligament pre-strain. The current work determined the pre-strain of 71 spinal ligaments (30 anterior longitudinal ligaments, 27 supraspinous ligaments and 14 interspinous ligaments). The interspinous ligament and the anterior longitudinal ligament exhibited bi-axial pre-strain distributions, demonstrating they are not uniaxial structures. The supraspinous ligament frequently exhibited large amounts of negative pre-strain or laxity suggesting it makes no mechanical contribution to spinal stability near the neutral posture. Upon implementing multi-axial pre-strain results into a finite element model of the lumbar spine, large differences in spinal biomechanics were observed. These results demonstrate the necessity of accounting for ligament pre-strain in biomechanical models. In addition, the authors present a unique experimental method for obtaining ligament pre-strain that presents a number of advantages when compared to standard techniques. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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