The larval development of the Russell's snapper, Lutjanus russellii (Teleostei: Lutjanidae) reared under laboratory conditions

The larval development of the Russell's snapper Lutjanus russellii is described and illustrated for the first time. Fertilized eggs, with a mean diameter of 0.80 +/- 0.04 mm and a range from 0.71 to 0.84 mm, were spherical, transparent, buoyant and unpigmented. Embryonic development lasted 26 hours 50 minutes at 24.7 degrees C. Newly hatched larvae were 1.86 +/- 0.10 mm in total length (TL) with 24 (10 +/- 14) myomeres and had an oil globule in the ventroanterior area of the yolk sac. Two days after hatching (DAH, 2.61 mm TL), the mouth opened. Early larvae had melanophores scattered on the head, body and yolk surface. Thirteen DAH (2.74 mm TL), the buds of the second dorsal and pelvic-fin spines had appeared. At 5.81 mm TL, the notochord was slightly flexed, and the hypural bones and caudal-fin rays had begun to develop. The ratios of the second dorsal and pelvic-fin spine lengths to TL attained their maximum, 40% and 36%, respectively. At 14.02 mm TL, all fins had the adult complement of rays and spines. The characteristic of this species, with four black stripes on the sides and with a round black spot on the upper back, was completed in juvenile of 23.1 mm TL. The larval habitat shifted from the surface and middle layers to the tank bottom. A statistical model: Y equals 2.18e(0.06X), where Y is mean TL (mm) and X represents DAH, explained 99.34% of variation in growth (P < 0.001, R-2 = 0.9934).