Journal
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
Volume 120, Issue -, Pages 300-312Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.07.015
Keywords
Biophenol; Epoxy thermosets; Phosphorus-containing flame retardants; Reactive vs additive approaches; Intumescence
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This study presents a two-steps synthesis of novel additive or reactive phosphorus-and-sulfur-containing flame retardants (P-FR) for epoxy thermosets. The first step consists in totally epoxydizing the phloroglucinol. Then, the epoxy functions grafted are partially or totally open by a thiol bearing a phosphonate group to obtain a reactive P-FR and an additive P-FR respectively. The two synthesized P-FR are then incorporated into a DGEBA-IPDA matrix according to an appropriate approach. The impact of these P-FR on glass transition temperature (Tg) is assessed by DSC. Tg values exhibit the plasticizing effect of the additive P-FR and the loss of epoxy functionality due to the incorporation of the reactive P-FR. The thermal properties of the prepared thermosets are characterized by TGA, showing the more efficient action of the reactive P-FR in condensed phase (charring). TGA-FTIR coupling show the presence of phosphorus-containing gases released during the thermal degradation but these P-containing gases have no radical scavenging action in the gas phase. PCFC analyses prove the similar flame retardant properties of the two P-FR by reducing significantly the pHRR, the THR and the EHC. The cone calorimeter tests exhibit a strong intumescent effect of the residue brought by the two P-FR, leading to insulating expanded residue. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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