Prolactin induces the production of Th17 and Th1 cytokines/chemokines in murine Imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin

Background Prolactin (PRL) is a pituitary-derived neuropeptide hormone that has been suggested to promote the development of psoriasis, a Th17/Th1-mediated inflammatory dermatosis. PRL increases the expression of Th1 cytokines; however, its effects on Th17 responses are unknown. Objective This study aims to determine the in vivo effects of PRL on the expression of Th17 cytokines/chemokines in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin inflammation in mice. Methods BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with PRL or phosphate-buffered saline, and imiquimod cream or Vaseline was applied to the shaved back skin for six consecutive days. Results Intraperitoneal PRL increased the mRNA levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, IL-23p19, IL-12p40, CCL20 and STAT3 in imiquimod-treated skin. Mice treated with imiquimod plus PRL, but not those treated with imiquimod plus phosphate-buffered saline, showed significantly increased mRNA levels of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-12p35 and CXCL2 compared with controls. Intraperitoneal PRL increased the numbers of CD3(+) and GR-1(+) cells in the dermis of imiquimod-treated skin. Conclusions These results suggest that intraperitoneal PRL enhances the expression of Th17 and Th1 cytokines/chemokines, and augments inflammation in imiquimod-induced psoriasiform skin. Prolactin may thus exacerbate psoriasis through the enhancement of Th17/Th1 responses.