Journal
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 159, Issue 8, Pages A1383-A1392Publisher
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC
DOI: 10.1149/2.060208jes
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Funding
- Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy under the Batteries for Advanced Transportation Technologies (BATT) Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Research Resources, Biomedical Technology Program [P41RR001209]
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The effect of partial substitution of titanium for cobalt on 3b sites in Li1+z(NixMnxCo1-2x-yTiy)O-2 (x = 1/3, 0.4) cathode materials (NMCs) has been investigated for this study. Materials were prepared by glycine-nitrate combustion and co-precipitation methods and solid solutions were observed over a narrow substitution range limited to below about y=0.07 for both the x=1/3 and x=0.4 series, although this depended on the synthesis technique. Increased discharge capacities, lower first cycle inefficiencies and better cycling behavior were observed for several of the Ti-substituted compositions in electrochemical cells. The improved first cycle efficiencies allow higher discharge capacities to be obtained between normal voltage limits, which partly explain the observations. Results from synchrotron X-ray diffraction also indicate that Ti substitution leads to a decreased cell volume change during deintercalation of lithium, which contributes to the improved cycling performance. Magnetic measurements suggest that reduction of some Mn4+ to Mn3+ compensates for the aliovalent substitution in as-made lithium-stoichiometric materials. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.060208jes] All rights reserved.
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