Journal
POLYMER
Volume 65, Issue -, Pages 154-167Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.03.066
Keywords
Graphene oxide; Piezo electric polymorph; Young's modulus
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Funding
- CSIR [01 (0051)/12/EMR-II]
- CSIR, New Delhi
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Graphene oxide(GO) functionalized with imidazolium ionic liquid(IL) is characterized from spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)/ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide(GO-IL) composite(PGL) films are flexible, and exhibit fibrillar network morphology. Transmission electron microscopy indicates dendritic morphology at 3%(w/w) GO-IL and the formation of piezoelectric beta-polymorph PVDF is evidenced from wide angle x-ray scattering. PGL composites exhibit a gradual increase of melting, crystallization, glass transition (T-g) and other relaxation temperatures with increasing GO-IL concentration. The maximum increases of storage modulus (73%), Young's modulus (333%) and tensile strength (628%) occur at 3% filler concentration. Halpin-Tsai equation suggests GO sheets are randomly distributed at low GO-IL concentration but they are unidirectional at higher concentration. A sharp increase of dc-conductivity of PGL composite to similar to 10(-2) S/cm occurs with a percolation threshold of 0.1% (w/w). The dielectric permittivity increases from 7.5 for PVDF to 13.5 for 3% filler with a percolation threshold at 0.1% (w/w) filler. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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