Chronic Uremia Stimulates LDL Carbamylation and Atherosclerosis

Carbamylated LDL (cLDL) is a potential atherogenic factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) However, whether elevated plasma cLDL associates with atherosclerosis in vivo is unknown Here, we induced CKD surgically in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed a high fat diet to promote the development of atherosclerosis These mice had two- to threefold higher plasma levels of both oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and cLDL compared with control mice Oral administration of urea increased cLDL approximately eightfold in ApoE(-/-) mice subjected to unilateral nephrectomy and a high fat diet, but oxLDL did not rise Regardless of the model, the uremic mice with high plasma cLDL had more severe atherosclerosis as measured by intravital ultrasound echography and en face aortic staining of lipid deposits Furthermore, cLDL accumulated in the aortic wall and colocalized with ICAM 1 and macrophage infiltration In summary, these data demonstrate that elevated plasma cLDL may represent an independent risk factor for uremia-induced atherosclerosis