Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 237-248Publisher
AMER SOC NEPHROLOGY
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009050462
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Funding
- Institute, de Salud Carlos III [PI080922, PI081564, RET-ICEF RD06/0013/1002, REDINREN RD06/0016/0004]
- Comunidad Autonoma de Madrid [GR/SAL/0415/2004]
- EU [LSHB-CT-2007-036644]
- Conchita Rabago Foundation
- Autonomous Basque Government
- European Calcified Tissue Society
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Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important process that contributes to renal fibrogenesis. TGF-beta 1 and EGF stimulate EMT. Recent studies suggested that parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) promotes fibrogenesis in the damaged kidney, apparently dependent on its interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but whether it also interacts with TGF-beta and EGF to modulate EMT is unknown. Here, PTHrP(1-36) increased TGF-beta 1 in cultured tubuloepithelial cells and TGF-beta blockade inhibited PTHrP-induced EMT-related changes, including upregulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin and integrin-linked kinase, nuclear translocation of Snail, and downregulation of E-cadherin and zonula occludens-1. PTHrP(1-36) also induced EGF receptor (EGFR) activation; inhibition of protein kinase C and metallo proteases abrogated this activation. Inhibition of EGFR activation abolished these EMT-related changes, the activation of ERK1/2, and upregulation of TGF-beta 1 and VEGF by PTHrP(1-36). Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 blocked EMT induced by either PTHrP(1-36), TGF-beta 1, EGF, or VEGF. In vivo, obstruction of mouse kidneys led to changes consistent with EMT and upregulation of TGF-beta 1 mRNA, p-EGFR protein, and PTHrP. Taken together, these data suggest that PTHrP, TGF-beta, EGF, and VEGF might cooperate through activation of ERK1/2 to induce EMT in renal tubuloepithelial cells.
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