Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
Volume 60, Issue 8, Pages 1457-1464Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04076.x
Keywords
aged; cognition; folic acid; humans; methylmalonic acid; vitamin B 12
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Agriculture [58-1950-7-707]
- National Institutes of Health [1 R01 NS062877-01A2]
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Objectives To investigate the cognitive significance of low to low-normal plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations and to shed light on the role that folate status plays in the association between vitamin B-12 status and cognitive decline. Design Associations between plasma vitamin B-12 and folate and 8-year cognitive decline were evaluated, and the effects of interactions between vitamin B-12 status and folate status and supplemental folate use on cognitive decline were assessed. Setting The Framingham Heart Study a prospective epidemiological study. Participants Five hundred forty-nine community-dwelling individuals aged 74.8 +/- 4.6. Measurements Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), plasma folate, vitamin B-12, methylmalonic acid, homocysteine, demographic factors, and body mass index. Results MMSE scores declined by 0.24 points per year over the 8-year follow-up period. Decline was significantly faster in cohort members in the bottom two plasma vitamin B-12 quintile categories, and no apparent cognitive advantage was associated with plasma vitamin B-12 from 187 to 256.8 pmol/L over less than 186 pmol/L. In cohort members with plasma vitamin B-12 less than 258 pmol/L, having a plasma folate concentration greater than 20.2 nmol/L was associated with an approximate 1-point per year decline, as was use of supplemental folate. Conclusion Plasma vitamin B-12 levels from 187 to 256.8 pmol/L predict cognitive decline. Furthermore, having plasma vitamin B-12 levels in this range or below in conjunction with high plasma folate or supplemental folate use predicts especially rapid cognitive decline.
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