Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
Volume 60, Issue 8, Pages 1515-1520Publisher
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04061.x
Keywords
dementia; Alzheimer's disease; vascular dementia; potassium; calcium; magnesium
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [20591063, 21590698, 22590892, 22300116]
- Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan [H20-Chouju-004]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22300116, 22116010, 22590892, 24591720, 21590698, 22116001, 24590797] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Objectives To investigate whether higher intake of potassium, calcium, and magnesium reduces the risk of incident dementia. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting The Hisayama Study, in Japan. Participants One thousand eighty-one community-dwelling Japanese individuals without dementia aged 60 and older. Measurements A 70-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess potassium, calcium, and magnesium intakes. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the development of all-cause dementia and its subtypes were estimated using Cox proportional hazards model. Results During a 17-year follow-up, 303 participants experienced all-cause dementia; of these, 98 had vascular dementia (VaD), and 166 had Alzheimer's disease (AD). The multivariable-adjusted HRs for the development of all-cause dementia were 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.300.91), 0.64 (95% CI = 0.411.00), and 0.63 (95% CI = 0.401.01) for the highest quartiles of potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake, respectively, compared with the corresponding lowest quartiles. Similarly, the HRs for the development of VaD were 0.20 (95% CI = 0.070.56), 0.24 (95% CI = 0.110.53), and 0.26 (95% CI = 0.110.61) for the highest quartiles of potassium, calcium, and magnesium intake, respectively. There was no evidence of a linear association between these mineral intakes and the risk of AD. Conclusion Higher self-reported dietary intakes of potassium, calcium, and magnesium reduce the risk of all-cause dementia, especially VaD, in the general Japanese population.
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