Cardiopulmonary Fitness Is Associated with Cognitive Performance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between cardiopulmonary fitness and cognitive performance in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD). DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-one subjects with CAD. MEASUREMENTS: Cardiopulmonary fitness was assessed by measuring peak oxygen uptake (VO2Peak) in a standardized exercise stress test. The fraction of the predicted age and sex norm for VO2Peak was computed for each patient. A battery of neuropsychological tests including the Stroop, Trail-Making Test Part B, Digit Symbol Coding, Revised Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, California Verbal Learning Test 2nd Edition, and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered, from which composite Z-scores were computed for tasks involving executive function and memory. RESULTS: Executive function, memory, and MMSE scores were correlated with VO2Peak, but only performance in the executive domain was independently associated with VO2Peak in multiple linear regression. In a multiple linear regression model controlling for potential clinical confounders, VO2Peak (beta = .666, P < .001) and covariates accounted for 36% of the variance in executive function scores. CONCLUSION: Poorer VO2Peak is associated with poorer cognition, particularly executive function, in subjects with CAD independent of other cardiac risk factors. Cardiopulmonary fitness may be a protective factor for cognition in patients with CAD. J Am Geriatr Soc 58: 1519-1525, 2010.