2008 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease - A report of the American College of Cardiology American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease) - Endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons