Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 135, Issue 49, Pages 18396-18405Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ja4064316
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Funding
- Ministry of Sciences and Technology of China [2012ZX09502-002]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20932009, 20921091]
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Anomerization, which involves cleavage and formation of the anomeric C-O bond, is of-fundamental importance in the carbohydrate chemistry. Herein, the unexpected gold(I)-catalyzed anomerization of glycosyl ortho-alkynylbenzoates has been studied in detail. Especially, crossover experiments in the presence of an exogenous isochromen-4-yl gold(I) complex confirm that the anomerization proceeds via the exocleavage mechanism, involving (surprisingly) the addition of the isochromen-4-yl gold(I) complex onto a sugar oxocarbenium (or dioxolenium) and an elimination of LAu+ from the vinyl gold(I) complex. The inhibitory effect of the exogenous isochromen-4-yl gold(I) complex when in stoichiometric amount on the anomerization has guided us to disclose an isochromen-4-yl gem-gold(I) complex, which is inactive in catalysis but in equilibrium with the monogold(I) complex and the LAu+ catalyst. The proposed key intermediate in the anomerization, a transient glycosyloxypyrylium species, is successfully trapped via a cycloaddition reaction with n-butyl vinyl ether as a dienophile. S(N)2-like substitution of the initially formed glycosyloxypyrylium intermediate has then been achieved to a large extent via charging with acceptors in an excess amount to lead to the corresponding glycosides in a stereoselective manner.
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