Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 134, Issue 20, Pages 8340-8343Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ja3016236
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Funding
- Nanyang Technological University
- Ministry of Education [RG20/09]
- Concordia University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- NSERC
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Rare-earth-based nanomaterials have recently drawn considerable attention because of their unique energy upconversion (UC) capabilities. However, studies of Sc3+-based nanomaterials are still absent. Herein we report the synthesis and fine control of NaxScF3+x nanocrystals by tuning of the ratio of oleic acid (OA, polar surfactant) to 1-octadecene (OD, nonpolar solvent). When the OA:OD ratio was increased from low (3:17) to high (3:7), the nanocrystals changed from pure monoclinic phase (Na3ScF6) to pure hexagonal phase (NaScF4) via a transition stage at an intermediate OA:OD ratio (3:9) where a mixture of nanocrystals in monoclinic and hexagonal phases was obtained and the coexistence of the two phases inside individual nanocrystals was also observed. More significantly, because of the small radius of Sc3+, NaxScF3+x:Yb/Er nanocrystals show different UC emission from that of NaYF4:Yb/Er nanocrystals, which broadens the applications of rare-earth-based nanomaterials ranging from optical communications to disease diagnosis.
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