Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 133, Issue 51, Pages 20914-20921Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ja208232h
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Funding
- Robert A. Welch Foundation [F-1464]
- Air Force Research Laboratory [FA-8650-07-2-5061]
- Welch Foundation [F-1436, F-1529]
- Fannie and John Hertz Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- Energy Frontier Research Center
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001091]
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A nonwoven fabric with paperlike qualities composed of silicon nanowires is reported. The nanowires, made by the super-critical-fluid-liquid-solid process, are crystalline, range in diameter from 10 to 50 nm with an average length of > 100 mu m, and are coated with a thin chemisorbed polyphenylsilane shell. About 90% of the nanowire fabric volume is void space. Thermal annealing of the nanowire fabric in a reducing environment converts the polyphenylsilane coating to a carbonaceous layer that significantly increases the electrical conductivity of the material. This makes the nanowire fabric useful as a self-supporting, mechanically flexible, high-energy-storage anode material in a lithium ion battery. Anode capacities of more than 800 mA h g(-1) were achieved without the addition of conductive carbon or binder.
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