Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 134, Issue 1, Pages 263-271Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/ja206690a
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Funding
- National Institute of Health [R01 AI092839-01, R01 GM094933-01]
- National Security Science and Engineering Faculty [FA9550-10-1-0169]
- Welch Foundation [F-1654]
- Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
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Toehold-mediated strand displacement has proven extremely powerful in programming enzyme-free DNA circuits and DNA nanomachines. To achieve multistep, autonomous, and complex behaviors, toeholds must be initially inactivated by hybridizing to inhibitor strands or domains and then relieved from inactivation in a programmed, timed manner. Although powerful and reasonably robust, this strategy has several drawbacks that limit the architecture of DNA circuits. For example, the combination between toeholds and branch migration (BM) domains is 'hard wired' during DNA synthesis thus cannot be created or changed during the execution of DNA circuits. To solve this problem, I propose a strategy called 'associative toehold activation', where the toeholds and BM domains are connected via hybridization of auxiliary domains during the execution of DNA circuits. Bulged thymidines that stabilize DNA three-way junctions substantially accelerate strand displacement reactions in this scheme, allowing fast strand displacement initiated by reversible toehold binding. To demonstrate the versatility of the scheme, I show (1) run-time combination of toeholds and BM domains, (2) run-time recombination of toeholds and BM domains, which results in a novel operation 'toehold switching', and (3) design of a simple conformational self-replicator.
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