Base-Promoted Ammonia Borane Hydrogen-Release

The strong non-nucleophilic base bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (Proton Sponge, PS) has been found to promote the rate and extent of H-2-release from ammonia borane (AB) either in the solid state or in ionic-liquid and tetraglyme solutions. For example, AB reactions in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (bmimCl) containing 5.3 mol % PS released 2 equiv of H-2 in 171 min at 85 degrees C and only 9 min at 110 degrees C, whereas comparable reactions without PS required 316 min at 85 degrees C and 20 min at 110 degrees C. Ionic-liquid solvents proved more favorable than tetraglyme since they reduced the formation of undesirable products such as borazine. Solid-state and solution B-11 NMR studies of PS-promoted reactions in progress support a reaction pathway involving initial AB deprotonation to form the H3BNH2- anion. This anion can then initiate AB dehydropolymerization to form branched-chain polyaminoborane polymers. Subsequent chain-branching and dehydrogenation reactions lead ultimately to a cross-linked polyborazylene-type product. AB dehydrogenation by lithium and potassium triethylborohydride was found to produce the stabilized Et3BNH2BH3- anion, with the crystallographically determined structure of the [Et3BNH2BH3]K--(+) center dot 18-crown-6 complex showing that, following AB nitrogen-deprotonation by the triethylborohydride, the Lewis-acidic triethylborane group coordinated at the nitrogen. Model studies of the reactions of [Et3BNH2BH3]Li--(+) with AB show evidence of chain-growth, providing additional support for a PS-promoted AB anionic dehydropolymerization H-2-release process.