Cyanoesterification of 1,2-Dienes Catalyzed by Nickel

Cyanoformate esters add across 1,2-dienes in the presence of a nickel/PMe2Ph catalyst to afford beta-cyano-alpha-methylenealkanoates regioselectively, which are kinetically favored and readily isomerize to thermodynamically favored alpha-cyanomethyl-alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylates at high temperature under the nickel catalysis, possibly through oxidative addition of the C-CN bond. Similar cyanoesterification products are produced from chloroformate esters, trimethylsilyl cyanide, and 1,2-dienes in the presence of a nickel/dppp catalyst. The resulting cyanoesterification products have a structure of allylic cyanide and thus undergo further allyl cyanation reaction across alkynes with the aid of a nickel/P(4-CF3-C6H4)(3) catalyst to afford highly substituted acrylonitrile derivatives.