Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
Volume 53, Issue 11, Pages 1216-1224Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.08.004
Keywords
autism; repetitive behavior; motor stereotypies; infant siblings; development
Categories
Funding
- Infant Brain Imaging Study (IBIS) Network is a National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [R01 HD055741, HD055741-S1, P30 HD03110, T32 HD40127]
- Autism Speaks
- Simons Foundation
- NIH/NICHD [5-T32-HD007376]
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Objective: As compared to the utility of early emerging social communicative risk markers for predicting a later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), less is known about the relevance of early patterns of restricted and repetitive behaviors. We examined patterns of stereotyped motor mannerisms and repetitive manipulation of objects in 12-month-olds at high and low risk for developing ASD, all of whom were assessed for ASD at 24 months. Method: Observational coding of repetitive object manipulation and stereotyped motor behaviors in digital recordings of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales was conducted using the Repetitive and Stereotyped Movement Scales for 3 groups of 12-month-olds: low-risk infants (LR, n = 53); high familial-risk infants who did not meet diagnostic criteria for ASD at 24 months (HR-negative, n = 75); and high familial-risk infants who met diagnostic criteria for ASD at 24 months (HR-ASD, n = 30). Results: The HR-ASD group showed significantly more stereotyped motor mannerisms than both the HR-negative group (p =.025) and the LR group (p =.001). The HR-ASD and HR-negative groups demonstrated statistically equivalent repetitive object manipulation scores (p =.431), and both groups showed significantly more repetitive object manipulation than the LR group (p <.040). Combining the motor and object stereotypy scores into a Repetitive and Stereotyped Movement Scales (RSMS) composite yielded a disorder-continuum effect such that each group was significantly different from one another (LR < HR-negative < HR-ASD). Conclusion: These results suggest that targeted assessment of repetitive behavior during infancy may augment early ASD identification efforts.
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