Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
Volume 50, Issue 6, Pages 543-553Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.01.021
Keywords
ADHD; substance-use disorders; longitudinal follow-up; conduct disorder
Categories
Funding
- United States Public Health Service (National Institute on Child Health and Human Development) [K24 DA016264]
- Eli Lilly and Company Foundation [5R01 HD-36317-07]
- Pediatric Psychopharmacology Philanthropy Fund
- Abbott
- McNeil
- Eli Lilly and Co.
- National Institutes of Health-National Institute on Drug Abuse
- Nextwave
- Merck
- Shire
- Guildford Press
- Alza
- AstraZeneca
- Bristol Myers Squibb
- Celltech
- Cephalon
- Elminda
- Esai
- Forest
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Gliatech
- Janssen
- Notional Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- New River
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Novartis
- Noven
- Neurosearch
- Organon
- Otsuka
- Pfizer
- Pharmacia
- Prechter Foundation
- Stanley Foundation
- UCB Pharma
- Wyeth
- Johnson and Johnson
- Takeda
- Ethel DuPont Fellowship Award
- American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Objective: High rates of substance-use disorders (SUD) have been found in samples of adolescents and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Predictors of SUD in children with ADHD who are at risk for the development of SUDs remain understudied. The main aims of this study were to identify clinically meaningful characteristics of children that predicted the future development of SUDs and to see whether the role of these characteristics varied by sex. Method: Subjects were children and adolescents with (n = 268; mean age +/- standard deviation = 10.9 +/- 3.2 years) and without (n = 229; mean age 11.9 +/- 3.3 years) DSM-III-R ADHD followed prospectively and blindly over a 10-year follow-up period onto young adult years. Subjects were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews for psychopathology and SUDs. Results: Over the 10-year follow-up period, ADHD was found to be a significant predictor of any SUD (hazards ratio 1.47; 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.02; p = .01) and cigarette smoking (2.38; 1.61-3.53; p < .01). Within ADHD, comorbid conduct disorder (2.74; 1.66-4.52; p < .01) and oppositional defiant disorder (2.21; 1.40-3.51; p < .01) at baseline were also found to be significant predictors of SUDs. Similar results were found for cigarette-, alcohol-, and drug-use disorders. There were few meaningful sex interaction effects. No clinically significant associations were found for any social or family environment factors or for cognitive functioning factors (p > .05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: These results indicate that ADHD is a significant risk factor for the development of SUDs and cigarette smoking in both sexes. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 2011;50(6):543-553.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available