Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
Volume 47, Issue 3, Pages 254-263Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e318160b3f0
Keywords
cognitive ability; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
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Funding
- NIAAA NIH HHS [AA06666, AA06390] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDA NIH HHS [DA03209, DA03874] Funding Source: Medline
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Objective: This is a prospective study of the effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on the intelligence test performance of 648 children at a 6-year follow-up. Method: Women were interviewed about the amount and frequency of their marijuana use at 4 and 7 months of pregnancy and at delivery. Participants were light to moderate users of marijuana and represented a lower income population. Children were assessed with the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale by examiners blind to exposure status. Multiple regression was applied to examine the effects of prenatal marijuana exposure on children's intelligence after partialing out the effects of other significant predictors. Results: There was a significant nonlinear relationship between marijuana exposure and child intelligence. Heavy marijuana use (one or more cigarettes per day) during the first trimester was associated with lower verbal reasoning scores on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Heavy use during the second trimester predicted deficits in the composite, short-term memory, and quantitative scores. Third-trimester heavy use was negatively associated with the quantitative score. Other significant predictors of intelligence included maternal 10, home environment, and social support. Conclusions: These findings indicate that prenatal marijuana exposure has a significant effect on school-age intellectual development.
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