Journal
JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE
Volume 89, Issue -, Pages 84-94Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2018.07.005
Keywords
Networks-on-chip; Hardware Trojan; Denial-of-service attack
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [61376024, 61306024]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2015A030313743, 2018A030313166]
- Special Program for Applied Research on Super Computation of the NSFC-Guangdong Joint Fund
- Science and Technology Research Grant of Guangdong Province [2016A010101011, 2017A050501003]
- Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou [201806010038]
- Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong special support program [2014TQ01X590]
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There are ample opportunities at both design and manufacturing phases to meddle in a many-core chip system, especially its underlining communication fabric, known as the networks-on-chip (NoC), through the inclusion of malicious hardware Trojans (HT). In this paper, we focus on studying two specific HT-assisted Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, namely the sinkhole and blackhole attacks, that directly target the NoC of a many-core chip. As of the blackhole attacks, those intermediate routers with inserted HTs can stop forwarding data packets/flits towards the packets' destination; instead, packets are either dropped from the network or diverted to some other malicious nodes. Sinkhole attacks, which exhibit similar attack effects as blackhole attacks, can occur when the NoC supports adaptive routing. In this case, a malicious node actively solicits packets from its neighbor nodes by pretending to have sufficient free buffer slots. Effects and efficiencies of both sinkhole and blackhole DoS attacks are modeled and quantified in this paper, and a few factors that influence attack effects are found to be critical. Through fine-tuning of these parameters, both attacks are shown to cause more damages to the NoC, measured as over 30% increase in packet loss rate. Even with current detection and defense methods in place, the packet loss rate is still remarkably high, suggesting the need of new and more effective detection and defense methods against the enhanced blackhole and sinkhole attacks as described in the paper.
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