Journal
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
Volume 54, Issue -, Pages 21-53Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2013.05.009
Keywords
Main central thrust; Himalaya; Quartz fabrics; Deformation temperatures; Vorticity; Strain rate
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [EAR 0711207, 1220345]
- Division Of Earth Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1220345] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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We report new deformation temperature and flow vorticity data from the base of the Greater Himalayan Series (GHS) exposed in the Sutlej Valley and Shimla Klippe of NW India. We focus on three groups of transects across the hanging wall of the Main Central Thrust (MCT). In order of relative foreland - hinterland positions, they are the Shimla Klippe, Western and Eastern Sutlej transects. Deformation temperatures indicated by quartz c-axis fabric opening-angles increase both from foreland to hinterland at a given structural distance above the MCT and up structural section from the MCT within individual transects. Deformation temperatures in the immediate hanging wall to the MCT are estimated at similar to 510 -535, 535-550 and 610 degrees C on the Shimla, Western Sutlej and Eastern Sutlej transects, respectively. The steepest inferred field gradients in deformation temperatures are recorded adjacent to the MCT and progressively decrease up structural section following a power law relationship. Comparison with temperature estimates based on multi-mineral phase equilibria data suggests that penetrative shearing occurred at close to peak metamorphic conditions. Vorticity analyses indicate that shearing along the base of the GHS occurred under sub-simple shear conditions (Wm values of 0.9-1.0) with a minor component of pure shear. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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