Journal
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
Volume 27, Issue 7, Pages 1824-1831Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318276b873
Keywords
EMG; resistance exercise; instability; free weights; 1-RM; shoulder press
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Saeterbakken, AH and Fimland, MS. Effects of body position and loading modality on muscle activity and strength in shoulder presses. J Strength Cond Res 27(7): 1824-1831, 2013Little is known about the effect of performing upper-body resistance exercises with dumbbells versus barbells and standing versus seated. Therefore, this study sought to compare electromyogram activity (EMG) and one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in barbell and dumbbell shoulder presses performed seated and standing. Fifteen healthy men volunteered for 1-RM and EMG testing with a load corresponding to 80% of the 1-RM. Electromyogram activity was measured in the anterior, medial, and posterior deltoids and biceps and triceps brachii. The following EMG differences or trends were observed: For deltoid anterior: approximate to 11% lower for seated barbell versus dumbbell (p = 0.038), approximate to 15% lower in standing barbell versus dumbbell (p < 0.001), approximate to 8% lower for seated versus standing dumbbells (p = 0.070); For medial deltoid, approximate to 7% lower for standing barbell versus dumbbells (p = 0.050), approximate to 7% lower for seated versus standing barbell (p = 0.062), 15% lower for seated versus standing dumbbell (p = 0.008); For posterior deltoid: approximate to 25% lower for seated versus standing barbell (p < 0.001), approximate to 24% lower for seated versus standing dumbbells (p = 0.002); For biceps, approximate to 33% greater for seated barbell versus dumbbells (p = 0.002), 16% greater for standing barbell versus dumbbell (p = 0.074), approximate to 23% lower for seated versus standing dumbbells (p < 0.001); For triceps, approximate to 39% greater for standing barbell versus dumbbells (p < 0.001), approximate to 20% lower for seated versus standing barbell (p = 0.094). 1-RM strength for standing dumbbells was approximate to 7% lower than standing barbell (p = 0.002) and approximate to 10% lower than seated dumbbells (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the exercise with the greatest stability requirement (standing and dumbbells) demonstrated the highest neuromuscular activity of the deltoid muscles, although this was the exercise with the lowest 1-RM strength.
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