Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 84, Issue 3, Pages 634-646Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13031
Keywords
infrared microspectroscopy; hyperspectral imaging; wheat grain structure; in vitro digestion; Triticum aestivum L.; Arabidopsis thaliana
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Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Diet and Health Research Industry Club scheme [BB/H004866/1]
- BBSRC
- Premier Foods
- National Council on Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT)
- Mexican Government
- Ministry of Public Education (SEP)
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/H004866/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- BBSRC [BB/H004866/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Infrared microspectroscopy is a tool with potential for studies of the microstructure, chemical composition and functionality of plants at a subcellular level. Here we present the use of high-resolution bench top-based infrared microspectroscopy to investigate the microstructure of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) kernels and Arabidopsis leaves. Images of isolated wheat kernel tissues and whole wheat kernels following hydrothermal processing and simulated gastric and duodenal digestion were generated, as well as images of Arabidopsis leaves at different points during a diurnal cycle. Individual cells and cell walls were resolved, and large structures within cells, such as starch granules and protein bodies, were clearly identified. Contrast was provided by converting the hyperspectral image cubes into false-colour images using either principal component analysis (PCA) overlays or by correlation analysis. The unsupervised PCA approach provided a clear view of the sample microstructure, whereas the correlation analysis was used to confirm the identity of different anatomical structures using the spectra from isolated components. It was then demonstrated that gelatinized and native starch within cells could be distinguished, and that the loss of starch during wheat digestion could be observed, as well as the accumulation of starch in leaves during a diurnal period.
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