Pt-Ru electrocatalysts for fuel cells: a representative review

Three periods of Pt-Ru research are considered step-by-step: the initial period after discovery (1963-1970); observation and classification of basic tendencies (like the effects of composition, segregation, structural features on the activity; up to 1990); nanostructural studies and molecular level consideration of electrocatalytic phenomena in combination with advanced applied studies of materials, mechanistic, and applied aspects (after 1990). The main idea of this review is to balance various aspects of Pt-Ru electrochemistry related to material science and electrocatalysis as well as to remember the early basic results being of importance for future understanding of Pt-Ru functional properties.