4.8 Article

OSC2 and CYP716A14v2 Catalyze the Biosynthesis of Triterpenoids for the Cuticle of Aerial Organs of Artemisia annua

Journal

PLANT CELL
Volume 27, Issue 1, Pages 286-301

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.134486

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Research Foundation-Flanders [GA13111N]
  2. European Union [222716-SMARTCELL, 613692-TriForC]
  3. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Institute Strategic Programme [BB/J004561/1]
  4. John Innes Foundation
  5. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/H019154/1]
  6. VIB International PhD Fellowship Program
  7. Norwich Research Park PhD studentship
  8. BBSRC [BB/M028860/1, BBS/E/J/000CA533, BBS/E/J/000CA527] Funding Source: UKRI
  9. EPSRC [EP/H019154/1] Funding Source: UKRI
  10. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M028860/1, BBS/E/J/000CA527, BBS/E/J/00000614, BBS/E/J/000CA533] Funding Source: researchfish

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Artemisia annua is widely studied for its ability to accumulate the antimalarial sesquiterpenoid artemisinin. In addition to producing a variety of sesquiterpenoids, A. annua also accumulates mono-, di-, and triterpenoids, the majority of which are produced in the glandular trichomes. A. annua also has filamentous trichomes on its aerial parts, but little is known of their biosynthesis potential. Here, through a comparative transcriptome analysis between glandular and filamentous trichomes, we identified two genes, OSC2 and CYP716A14v2, encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of specialized triterpenoids in A. annua. By expressing these genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana, we characterized the catalytic function of these proteins and could reconstitute the specialized triterpenoid spectrum of A. annua in these heterologous hosts. OSC2 is a multifunctional oxidosqualene cyclase that produces alpha-amyrin, beta-amyrin, and delta-amyrin. CYP716A14v2 is a P450 belonging to the functionally diverse CYP716 family and catalyzes the oxidation of pentacyclic triterpenes, leading to triterpenes with a carbonyl group at position C-3, thereby providing an alternative biosynthesis pathway to 3-oxo triterpenes. Together, these enzymes produce specialized triterpenoids that are constituents of the wax layer of the cuticle covering the aerial parts of A. annua and likely function in the protection of the plant against biotic and abiotic stress.

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