4.8 Article

Proteomic Analysis of Microtubule Interacting Proteins over the Course of Xylem Tracheary Element Formation in Arabidopsis

Journal

PLANT CELL
Volume 27, Issue 10, Pages 2709-2726

Publisher

AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00314

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Grant [BB/G008019/1]
  2. John Innes Director's Fund award
  3. FP6 Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship EIF [040433-XYLOSKELETON]
  4. Vetenskapsradet VR Swedish research council grant [2010-4620]
  5. Gunnar Oquist Fellowship from the Kempe Foundation
  6. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/G008019/1] Funding Source: researchfish
  7. BBSRC [BB/G008019/1] Funding Source: UKRI

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Plant vascular cells, or tracheary elements (TEs), rely on circumferential secondary cell wall thickenings to maintain sap flow. The patterns in which TE thickenings are organized vary according to the underlying microtubule bundles that guide wall deposition. To identify microtubule interacting proteins present at defined stages of TE differentiation, we exploited the synchronous differentiation of TEs in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures. Quantitative proteomic analysis of microtubule pull-downs, using ratiometric N-14/N-15 labeling, revealed 605 proteins exhibiting differential accumulation during TE differentiation. Microtubule interacting proteins associated with membrane trafficking, protein synthesis, DNA/RNA binding, and signal transduction peaked during secondary cell wall formation, while proteins associated with stress peaked when approaching TE cell death. In particular, CELLULOSE SYNTHASE-INTERACTING PROTEIN1, already associated with primary wall synthesis, was enriched during secondary cell wall formation. RNAi knockdown of genes encoding several of the identified proteins showed that secondary wall formation depends on the coordinated presence of microtubule interacting proteins with nonoverlapping functions: cell wall thickness, cell wall homogeneity, and the pattern and cortical location of the wall are dependent on different proteins. Altogether, proteins linking microtubules to a range of metabolic compartments vary specifically during TE differentiation and regulate different aspects of wall patterning.

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