Journal
PLANT BIOSYSTEMS
Volume 150, Issue 2, Pages 357-371Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/11263504.2015.1027317
Keywords
Andean crop; genetic variability; nutritional properties; halophyte crop; adaptation; salinity; Abiotic stress
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Funding
- TWAS-ICGEB exchange programme (Tolerance strategies of quinoa plants under salt stress) [CRP.PB/CHI06-01]
- EU-IRSES program [PIRSES-GA-2008-230862]
- EU-FP7 project SWUP-MED
- Fondecyt (Ministry of Education, Chile) [3130624]
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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an ancient Andean crop that produces edible seeds and leaves. Quinoa's tolerance to salinity and other types of abiotic stresses provides it with high potential in a world where scarcity of water and increased soil salinization are important causes of crop failures. Due to its traditionally broad cultivation area (from Colombia to southern Chile), there is a wide range of quinoa cultivars adapted to specific conditions displaying a broad genetic variability in stress tolerance. In addition, being practically unique as a halophytic seed-producing crop with amazing nutritional properties, it is ideal as a model species for investigating morphological, cellular, physiological, and bio-molecular mechanisms of salinity tolerance. This review summarizes current knowledge of genotype-dependent variability in salinity responses and adaptive salt-tolerance mechanisms in quinoa. These include anatomical features and physiological aspects, such as osmotic adjustment through accumulation of ions, osmoprotectants, and sodium loading, transport, and storage, including the activity and gene expression of plasma and vacuolar membrane transporters. Finally, current knowledge regarding the effect of salinity on the nutritional properties of quinoa is discussed.
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