Diabetes Severity, Metabolic Syndrome, and the Risk of Erectile Dysfunction

IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) is more common in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and/or the metabolic syndrome (MetS). AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the associations among proxy measures of diabetic severity and the presence of MetS with ED in a nationally representative U.S. data sample. MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis of adult participants in the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Main Outcome MeasuresED was ascertained by self-report. T2DM severity was defined by calculated measures of glycemic control and insulin resistance (IR). IR was estimated using fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels and the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) definition. We classified glycemic control using hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. MetS was defined by the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute criteria. Logistic regression models, adjusted for sociodemographics, risk factors, and comorbidities, were fitted for each measure of T2DM severity, MetS, and the presence of ED. ResultsProxy measures of glycemic control and IR were associated with ED. Participants with FPG between 100-126mg/dL (5.6-7mmol/L) and 126mg/dL (>7mmol/L) had higher odds of ED, odds ratio (OR) 1.22 (confidence interval or CI, 0.83-1.80), and OR 2.68 (CI, 1.48-4.86), respectively. Participants with HbA1c 5.7-6.4% (38.8-46.4mmol/mol) and 6.5% (47.5mmol/mol) had higher odds of ED (OR 1.73 [CI, 1.08-2.76] and 3.70 [CI, 2.19-6.27], respectively). When FPI and HOMA-IR were evaluated by tertiles, there was a graded relation among participants in the top tertile. In multivariable models, a strong association remained between HbA1c and ED (OR 3.19 [CI,1.13-9.01]). MetS was associated with >2.5-fold increased odds of self reported ED (OR 2.55 [CI, 1.85-3.52]). ConclusionsPoor glycemic control, impaired insulin sensitivity, and the MetS are associated with a heightened risk of ED. Weinberg AE, Eisenberg M, Patel CJ, Chertow GM, and Leppert JT. Diabetes severity, metabolic syndrome, and the risk of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013;10:3102-3109.