Microwave-assisted preparation of poly(ionic liquids)-modified magnetic nanoparticles for pesticide extraction

Novel poly(ionic liquids) were synthesized and immobilized on prepared magnetic nanoparticles, which were used to extract pesticides from fruit and vegetable samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Compared with monomeric ionic liquids, poly(ionic liquids) have a larger effective contact area and higher viscosity, so they can achieve higher extraction efficiency and be used repeatedly without a decrease in analyte recovery. The immobilized poly(ionic liquids) were rapidly separated from the sample matrix, providing a simple approach for sample pretreatment. The nature and volume of the desorption solvent and amount of poly(ionic liquid)-modified magnetic material were optimized for the extraction process. Under optimum conditions, calibration curves were linear (R2 > 0.9988) for pesticide concentrations in the range of 0.100-10.000 g/L. The relative standard deviations for repeated determinations of the four analytes were 2.29-3.31%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.29-0.88 and 0.97-2.93 g/L, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the developed poly(ionic liquid)-modified material is an effective absorbent to extract pesticides from fruit and vegetable samples.