Chromatographic determination of biogenic amines in wines after treatment with ionic liquids as novel media

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM][PF6]), were used as the novel media for derivatization, extraction and preconcentration of biogenic amines (BAs) in wines. Six BAs, tryptamine (Try), phenylethylamine (Phe), putrescine (Put), cadaverine (Cad), tyramine (Tyr) and spermine (Spe) were selected as the model compounds and dansyl chloride (Dns-Cl) as the derivatizing reagent. The derivatizations of amines were conducted in water-IL two-phase system, in which the partition property of related substance in the IL was investigated and the mechanism (http://www.iciba.com/mechanism/) of derivation and extraction of amines was discussed. The influencing factors, including sample volume, derivatizing reagent concentration, pH value and ultrasound reaction time, were optimized. The Dns-amines were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and detected with UVD at 254 nm. For each of the tested amines, a good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.1-20 mg/L with the correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9814-0.9930. The limits of detection reached mu g/L level and the relative standard deviations (RSD, n=3) were between 3.2 and 8.1%. Satisfactory recovery for each BA was obtained, ranging from 82.3 to 114.0%. The developed method was successfully applied to determine six BAs in red wines and Chinese yellow wine.