Journal
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
Volume 33, Issue 23-24, Pages 3692-3700Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000527
Keywords
GC-MS-MS; N-nitrosamines; Potable water; Solid-phase microextraction; Wastewater
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology [CTM2008-06847-C02-01/TECNO, PET2006-0706-01]
- Department of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise of the Catalan Government
- European Social Fund [2007 FI00026]
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A fully automated method for determining nine Environmental Protection Agency N-nitrosamines in several types of environmental waters at ng/L levels is presented. The method is based on a headspace solid-phase microextraction followed by GC-MS-MS using chemical ionization. Three different fibers (carboxen/PDMS, divinylbenzene/carboxen/PDMS, and PEG) were tested. Solid-phase microextraction conditions were best when a divinylbenzene/carboxen/PDMS fiber was exposed for 60 min in the headspace of 10 mL water samples at pH 7 containing 360 g/L of NaCl, at 45 degrees C. All compounds were analyzed by GC-MS-MS within 18 min. The method was validated using effluent from an urban wastewater treatment plant and the LODs ranged from 1 to 5 ng/L. The method was then applied to determine the N-nitrosamines in samples of different complexities, such as tap water and several influent and effluent wastewater samples from urban and industrial wastewater treatment plants and a potable water treatment plant. Although the analysis of influent industrial wastewater revealed high concentrations of some compounds (N-nitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosodimethylamine at mu g/L levels), in industrial effluents and other samples, the concentrations were substantially lower (ng/L levels). The new method is suitable for the simple and reliable determination of N-nitrosamines in highly complex water samples in a completely automated procedure.
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