Journal
PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
Volume 119, Issue -, Pages 54-61Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2015.09.013
Keywords
Pick-up ions; Mars Express; Exosphere; Hydrogen corona; Solar UV effect; Seasonal variation; Solar cycle; Atmospheric escape; ASPERA-3
Categories
Funding
- NASA in the USA [NASW-00003]
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The Mars Express (MEX) Ion Mass Analyser (IMA) found that the detection rate of the ring-like distribution of protons in the solar wind outside of the bow shock to be quite different between Mars orbital summer (around perihelion) and orbital winter (around aphelion) for four Martian years, while the north-south asymmetry is much smaller than the perihelion-aphelion difference. Further analyses using eight years of MEX/IMA solar wind data between 2005 and 2012 has revealed that the detection frequency of the pick-up ions originating from newly ionized exospheric hydrogen with certain flux strongly correlates with the Sun-Mars distance, which changes approximately every two years. Variation due to the solar cycle phase is not distinguishable partly because this effect is masked by the seasonal variation under the MEX capability of plasma measurements. This finding indicates that the variation in solar UV has a major effect on the formation of the pick-up ions, but this is not the only controlling factor. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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