Journal
JOURNAL OF SEDIMENTARY RESEARCH
Volume 84, Issue 12, Pages 1185-1199Publisher
SEPM-SOC SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY
DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2014.92
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Funding
- Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences program [DE92ER14249]
- National Science Foundation through the EAR Division [EAR8904489]
- National Science Foundation through the Ocean Drilling Program (Iberia Margin) [Leg 149]
- Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (Nankai Margin) [Expedition 316, Expedition 338]
- Geology Foundation of the Jackson School of Geosciences
- Mudrock Systems Research Laboratory (MSRL) of the Bureau of Economic Geology
- ExxonMobil
- Shell
- Chevron
- EOG
- YangChang Petroleum
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A tripartite compositional classification is proposed for sediments and sedimentary rocks that have grain assemblages with greater than 50 percent of a weight or volume of particles smaller than 62.5 mm (4 Phi). Tarl (terrigenous-argillaceous) contains a grain assemblage dominated by more than 75 percent of particles of extrabasinal derivation, including grains derived from continental weathering and also volcanogenic debris. Carl (calcareous-argillaceous) contains less than 75 percent of particles of extrabasinal derivation debris and among its intrabasinal grains contains a preponderance of biogenic carbonate particles including carbonate aggregates. Sarl (siliceous-argillaceous) contains less than 75 percent of particles of extrabasinal derivation and contains a preponderance of biogenic siliceous particles over carbonate grains. These three classes of fine-grained particulate sediments and rocks effectively separate materials that have distinct depositional settings and systematic contrasts in organic-matter content and minor grain types. In the subsurface the grain assemblages that define these classes follow contrasting and predictable diagenetic pathways that have significant implications for the evolution of bulk rock properties, and thus, assigning a fine-grained rock to one of these classes is an important first step for predicting its economic and engineering qualities. For purposes of description these three class names can be joined to modifier terms denoting rock texture, more precise compositional divisions, specific grain types of notable importance, and diagenetic features.
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