The effects of caffeine ingestion on isokinetic muscular strength: A meta-analysis

Objectives: The aims of this paper are threefold: (1) to summarize the research examining the effects of caffeine on isokinetic strength, (2) pool the effects using a meta-analysis, and (3) to explore if there is a muscle group or a velocity specific response to caffeine ingestion. Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus were searched using relevant terms. The PEDro checklist was used for the assessment of study quality. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMDs) was done. Results: Ten studies of good and excellent methodological quality were included. The SMD for the effects of caffeine on strength was 0.16 (95% CI = 0.06, 0.26; p = 0.003; +5.3%). The subgroup analysis for knee extensor isokinetic strength showed a significant difference (p = 0.004) between the caffeine and placebo conditions with SMD value of 0.19 (95% CI = 0.06, 0.32; +6.1%). The subgroup analysis for the effects of caffeine on isokinetic strength of other, smaller muscle groups indicated no significant difference (p = 0.092) between the caffeine and placebo conditions. The subgroup analysis for knee extensor isokinetic strength at angular velocities of 60 degrees s(-1) and 180 degrees s(-1) showed a significant difference between the caffeine and placebo conditions; however, no significant effect (p = 0.193) was found at an angular velocity of 30 degrees s(-1). Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that acute caffeine ingestion caffeine may significantly increase isokinetic strength. Additionally, this meta-analysis reports that the effects of caffeine on isokinetic muscular strength are predominantly manifested in knee extensor muscles and at greater angular velocities. (C) 2018 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.