Absolute Raman intensity measurements and determination of the vibrational second hyperpolarizability of adamantyl endcapped polyynes

Linear sp-carbon polyynes are ideal molecules for the direct investigation of the physical properties of one-dimensional conjugated systems. Traditionally, the main obstacle to the study of these systems has been their instability under normal laboratory conditions. Thanks to improved chemical syntheses, a broadened range of polyynes is now available for study, including the hydrocarbon series endcapped with adamantyl groups, Ad[n]. In this work, the quantitative Raman spectroscopic analysis is reported for each member of this homologous series. The Raman scattering intensities corresponding to the major features of the polyyne segment (i.e., the effective conjugation coordinate or (sic) lines) are then used to evaluate the nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior via determination of the vibrational contribution to the second hyperpolarizability (gamma(vib)). This study shows that gamma(vib) values as a function of length are of the same order of magnitude as those arising from the electronic contribution to the molecular second hyperpolarizability, gamma(ele), as reported for triisopropylsilyl polyynes, TIPS[n], using the differential optical Kerr effect technique. The nonlinear response for Ad[n] polyynes, supported by the analogous response for TIPS[n] polyynes, confirms that linear sp-carbon molecules have large second hyperpolarizabilities that show a power-law increase in gamma-values versus length that is larger than other known pi-conjugated systems, such as polyenes. Furthermore, the NLO response of polyynes versus length approaches the theoretical limit described by Kuzyk more closely than other conjugated organic oligomers. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.