Raman investigations of Zn1-xCoxO nanocrystals: role of starting precursors on vibrational properties

The Raman spectra of sol-gel derived Co-doped ZnO nanoparticles(NPs) in the spectral range 100-1500 cm(-1) were investigated. In the sol-gel method, three different series of Co-doped ZnO particles, i.e. Zn1-xCoxO (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20), were obtained using three different starting precursors, viz. cobalt chloride hexahydrate, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, and cobalt nitrate hexahydrate, respectively. It has been observed that cobalt acetate is a better precursor in comparison to cobalt chloride and cobalt nitrate to obtain single-phase Co-doped ZnO NPs. As for cobalt acetate-derived NPs, no hidden secondary phase of Co3O4 was observed for the lower (x = 0.05) Co concentration. The Frohlich interaction associated with the longitudinal modes was found to be destroyed with increasing Co concentration due to structural disorder and defects induced by the dopant. In addition to ZnO and Co3O4 vibrational modes, a few additional modes near 550 and 715 cm(-1) were also observed in all cases, which could be attributed to the modes due to Co doping in ZnO. Copyright (C) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.