Journal
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
Volume 49, Issue -, Pages 60-67Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.10.022
Keywords
Copy number variation (CNV); Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Autism; Schizophrenia
Categories
Funding
- Miguel de Servet contract from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, Spain
- Fundaci o La Marato de TV3 [092330/31]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FIS [PI11/00571, PI11/01629, PI12/01139]
- Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas (PNSD) [2011-0080]
- Agencia de Gestio d' Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca-AGAUR [2009SGR1554, 2009SGR0971]
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [SAF2012-33484]
- Departament de Salut, Government of Catalonia, Spain
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Attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 5-6% in children and 4.4% in adults. Recently, copy number variations (CNVs) have been implicated in different neurodevelopmental disorders such as ADHD. Based on these previous reports that focused on pediatric cohorts, we hypothesize that structural variants may also contribute to adult ADHD and that such genomic variation may be enriched for CNVs previously identified in children with ADHD. To address this issue, we performed for the first time a whole-genome CNV study on 400 adults with ADHD and 526 screened controls. In agreement with recent reports in children with ADHD or in other psychiatric disorders, we identified a significant excess of insertions in ADHD patients compared to controls. The overall rate of CNVs >100 kb was 1.33 times higher in ADHD subjects than in controls (p = 2.4e-03), an observation mainly driven by a higher proportion of small events (from 100 kb to 500 kb; 1.35-fold; p = 1.3e-03). These differences remained significant when we considered CNVs that overlap genes or when structural variants spanning candidate genes for psychiatric disorders were evaluated, with duplications showing the greatest difference (1.41-fold, p = 0.024 and 2.85-fold, p = 8.5e-03, respectively). However, no significant enrichment was detected in our ADHD cohort for childhood ADHD-associated CNVs, CNVs previously identified in at least one ADHD patient or CNVs previously implicated in autism or schizophrenia. In conclusion, our study provides tentative evidence for a higher rate of CNVs in adults with ADHD compared to controls and contributes to the growing list of structural variants potentially involved in the etiology of the disease. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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