Journal
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS
Volume 109, Issue -, Pages 188-198Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.06.004
Keywords
Venom; Proteome; Transcriptome; 1D gel; 2D gel
Categories
Funding
- UK Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J018678/1]
- University of Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council [DP140101085]
- Herman Slade Foundation
- Higher Education Commission (HEC Islamabad) Pakistan
- NERC [NE/J018678/2] Funding Source: UKRI
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/J018678/2, NE/J018678/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Fish venoms remain almost completely unstudied despite the large number of species. In part this is due to the inherent nature of fish venoms, in that they are highly sensitive to heat, pH, lyophilisation, storage and repeated freeze-thawing. They are also heavily contaminated with mucus, which makes proteomic study difficult. Here we describe a novel protein-handling protocol to remove mucus contamination, utilising ammonium sulphate and acetone precipitation. We validated this approach using barb venom gland tissue protein extract from the blue-spotted stingray Neotrygon kuhlii. We analysed the protein extract using 1D and 2D gels with LC-MS/MS sequencing. Protein annotation was underpinned by a venom gland transcriptome. The composition of our N. kuhlii venom sample revealed a variety of protein types that are completely novel to animal venom systems. Notably, none of the detected proteins exhibited similarity to the few toxin components previously characterised from fish venoms, including those found in other stingrays. Putative venom toxins identified here included cystatin, peroxiredoxin and galectin. Our study represents the first combined survey of gene and protein composition from the venom apparatus of any fish and our novel protein handling method will aid the future characterisation of toxins from other unstudied venomous fish lineages. (C) 2014 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.
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