Journal
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages 1266-1280Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/pr101040f
Keywords
African spitting cobra; Naja nigricollis; Naja katiensis; Naja pallida; Naja mossambica; Naja nubiae; EchiTAb-Plus-ICP antivenom; snake venomics; antivenomics; venom neutralization assays
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Funding
- Vicerrectoria de Investigacion, Universidad de Costa Rica [741-A9-003]
- CRUSA-CSIC [2009CR0021]
- Ministerio de Innovacion y Ciencia (Madrid, Spain) [BFU2007-61563, BFU2010-17373]
- Generalitat Valenciana [PROMETEO/2010/005]
- EchiTAb Study Group
- Federal Ministry of Health, Republic of Nigeria
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Venomic analysis of the venoms of Naja nigricollis, N. katiensis, N. nubiae, N. mossambica, and N. pallida revealed similar compositional trends. The high content of cytotoxins and PLA(2)s may account for the extensive tissue necrosis characteristic of the envenomings by these species. The high abundance of a type I alpha-neurotoxin in N. nubiae may be responsible for the high lethal toxicity of this venom (in rodents). The ability of EchiTAb-Plus-ICP antivenom to immunodeplete and neutralize the venoms of African spitting cobras was assessed by antivenomics and neutralization tests. It partially immunodepleted 3FTx and PLA(2)s and completely immunodepleted SVMPs and CRISPs in all venoms. The antivenom neutralized the dermonecrotic and PLA(2) activities of all African Naja venoms, whereas lethality was eliminated in the venoms of N. nigricollis, N. mossambica, and N. pallida but not in those of N. nubiae and N. katiensis. The lack of neutralization of lethality of N. nubiae venom may be of medical relevance only in relatively populous areas of the Saharan region. The impaired activity of EchiTAb-Plus-ICP against N. katiensis may not represent a major concern. This species is sympatric with N nigricollis in many regions of Africa, although very few bites have been attributed to it.
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