Journal
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
Volume 10, Issue 4, Pages 1505-1518Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/pr100881q
Keywords
Acyrthosiphon pisum; aphids; salivary glands; saliva; effectors
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Funding
- Arthropod Genomics Center
- USDA CREES-NRI [G001-35302-00975]
- Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station [11-146-J]
- Science Foundation Ireland [03/IN3/B381]
- Department of Agriculture Fisheries and Food [RSF07533]
- Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Technology
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) [03/IN3/B381] Funding Source: Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)
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The relationship between aphids and their host plants is thought to be functionally analogous to plant-pathogen interactions. Although virulence effector proteins that mediate plant defenses are well-characterized for pathogens such as bacteria, oomycetes, and nematodes, equivalent molecules in aphids and other phloem-feeders are poorly understood. A dual transcriptomic-proteomic approach was adopted to generate a catalog of candidate effector proteins from the salivary glands of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Of the 1557 transcript supported and 925 mass spectrometry identified proteins, over 300 proteins were identified with secretion signals, including proteins that had previously been identified directly from the secreted saliva. Almost half of the identified proteins have no homologue outside aphids and are of unknown function. Many of the genes encoding the putative effector proteins appear to be evolving at a faster rate than homologues in other insects, and there is strong evidence that genes with multiple copies in the genome are under positive selection. Many of the candidate aphid effector proteins were previously characterized in typical phytopathogenic organisms (e.g., nematodes and fungi) and our results highlight remarkable similarities in the saliva from plant-feeding nematodes and aphids that may indicate the evolution of common solutions to the plant-parasitic lifestyle.
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